[VOIPSEC] TLS and Firewalls

Brian Rosen br at brianrosen.net
Thu Feb 10 10:21:57 CST 2005


Yes, I think that's the right model; the firewall is a B2BUA.
That also aids its "statefull inspection" characteristic; since it actually
will transition the B2BUA states, it can determine if the remote party is
correctly following state changes, etc.  It's a bit unusual for a firewall
to have such an active role, but then again, most protocols don't have any
way for secure versions to pass firewalls where SIP does.

Brian

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Voipsec-bounces at voipsa.org [mailto:Voipsec-bounces at voipsa.org] On
> Behalf Of Thomas Howe
> Sent: Thursday, February 10, 2005 10:00 AM
> To: Michael Sandee
> Cc: Voipsec at voipsa.org
> Subject: Re: [VOIPSEC] TLS and Firewalls
> 
> Hi Michael -
> 
> Yes, you are certainly right on that point.  It is very useful to look
> at real world practice when working on the standards.  I have to side
> with Brian though, and feel that as cumbersome as the standards bodies
> are, they are the only real way to solve the long term problem. And more
> than that, they have clearly identified SIP as the protocol for handling
> session management, and the industry is cleary behind it now.
> 
> Here's my question about SIP, firewalls and architectures - please tell
> me where I'm right/wrong/inbetween....
> 
> Given that SIP signalling uses TLS for security, doesn't that sort of
> imply that most firewalls will be using some sort of back to back user
> agent, instead of packet inspection? I mean, how will the firewall be
> able to decrypt the streams appropriately without being a terminating
> point for the call?
> 
> Tom
> 
> 
> 
> Michael Sandee wrote on 2/9/2005, 4:28 PM:
> 
>  > Hi Thomas,
>  >
>  > I accept your comments in general, however they are not true for IAX.
>  > But I know this is nearly impossible to know without looking at the
>  > protocol in detail. Dispite earlier comment a RFC is still in the
> works,
>  > and given the dozen of standards and extensions of earlier VoIP
>  > protocols it might be better to first analyse a protocol in _practice_
>  > before filing it as RFC.
>  >
>  > Ein Reich, Ein Protocol... or "One Protocol to rule them all"... I
> think
>  > we are not looking at IAX as a replacement of any existing protocol,
> but
>  > it has, as earlier pointed out, clear advantages over other protocols
> to
>  > deal with _current_ problems.
>  >
>  > The IAX protocol has a mechanism to hand off calls between 2 endpoints,
>  > but this can be disabled on a call by call basis. Two endpoints behind
>  > NAT naturally cannot communicate with each other in a direct path, so
>  > this will proceed through a central/public gateway (This is usually
> only
>  > an issue with Internet Telephony, or very large Internetworks).
>  >
>  > For scalability this is ideal, because the entire call can be offloaded
>  > to a different server, perhaps after authentication to one of the
>  > frontends. In relation to SIP this can be done for the control channel
>  > by using 302 Moved signalling, possibly a similar mechanism exists for
>  > H323.
>  >
>  > Billing between VoIP/IP endpoints is something which is not important
>  > (for us). These are free calls and only interesting for statistics.
>  > However there is an extension to the protocol to actually handle this.
>  >
>  > Billing is usually done on the PSTN gateways.
>  >
>  > Regarding the security relation this might be interesting:
>  > Given that you cannot do billing on your speech detection system, IVR,
>  > or whatever.
>  > Given that it is a blackbox speech processor.
>  > Would you expose it to a direct media path to the user?
>  >
>  > [IAX ENDPOINT] - IP Network - [IAX GATEWAY] - SIP/H323/MGCP/SCCP/IAX -
>  > [BACKEND SPEECH PROCESSING]
>  > You will have a frontend either way, but it might be your security
> rules
>  > are different than mine.
>  >
>  > Regards,
>  >
>  > Michael
>  >
>  > Thomas Howe wrote:
>  >
>  > >Michael -
>  > >
>  > >Let me weigh in on that one.  A single port for transport has some
>  > >serious scaling and implementation issues.  A single port makes an
>  > >assumption that the media and control signalling are both going to the
>  > >same place.  Maybe that might be an OK assumption for an IP phone, but
>  > >what about any large scale device? Would you really have all the media
>  > >flow through the control processor, then out again into the media
>  > >processor?  That becomes very cumbersome, very quickly.
>  > >
>  > >It also has a problem with disaggregation.  If you wanted to add an
>  > >speech detection system into your network, how would that work? Would
>  > >you put one into every IP phone? Or maybe you could come up with a
> call
>  > >control scheme that would hand off the call to another system.  Well,
> if
>  > >you completely handed off the call, how would you do billing and
>  > >authorization? Or, if you didn't, can you imagine the convoluted call
>  > >control ladders to get that done? And if you could, then try to scale
>  > >that puppy, and you could get a discount price on Tylonol for your
>  > >headache.
>  > >
>  > >It would be so much simpler to send the RTP somewhere else for a
> while,
>  > >thus requiring a separate port for it. (Of course, two if you count
>  > RTCP).
>  > >
>  > >This help any?
>  > >
>  > >Tom
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >Michael Sandee wrote on 2/9/2005, 2:15 PM:
>  > >
>  > >  > Brian,
>  > >  >
>  > >  > RTP and the problems surrounding firewalls, NAT/PAT have been
>  > around for
>  > >  > quite a few years, being it H323, SIP or...
>  > >  > Trying to globally solve this is a nice goal to set, but
>  > (apparently)
>  > >  > impossible to accomplish. There are workarounds like STUN which
> work
>  > >  > with _some_ devices.
>  > >  >
>  > >  > If one protocol comes forward which has some distinct advantages
>  > over
>  > >  > the alternatives, it cannot be considered a "Not Invented Here"
>  > >  > protocol. The advantages are not only a single port, but also
>  > trunking
>  > >  > and some other features which are very useful in a practical pbx
>  > >  > environment.
>  > >  >
>  > >  > Can you please elaborate on why exactly IAX is bad for choosing a
>  > single
>  > >  > port as transport?
>  > >  >
>  > >  > Michael
>  > >  >
>  > >  > Brian Rosen wrote:
>  > >  >
>  > >  > >Ultimately, this is the problem with IAX.  It's a special
> protocol,
>  > >  > >promulgated by a small group, without a rigorous process.
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >It's not in the general interest of the Internet Community
>  > (whatever
>  > >  > that
>  > >  > >is) to have multiple ways to do the same thing.  SIP is the way
> the
>  > >IETF
>  > >  > >decided to do session management, including voice, video and text
>  > >  > (although
>  > >  > >there are other IM protocols).  IETF is not the only game in
>  > town, of
>  > >  > >course.
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >I think that, actually, the IAX one port idea is a bad way to
>  > handle
>  > >  > >signaling and multiple media streams related to the same session.
>  > >  > The fact
>  > >  > >that it makes it easier on the firewalls is not enough to
>  > overcome the
>  > >  > >limitations it has.  We're better off working to make SIP and
>  > >  > firewalls work
>  > >  > >better together.
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >Brian
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >>-----Original Message-----
>  > >  > >>From: Voipsec-bounces at voipsa.org
>  > >[mailto:Voipsec-bounces at voipsa.org] On
>  > >  > >>Behalf Of Diana Cionoiu
>  > >  > >>Sent: Wednesday, February 09, 2005 12:09 PM
>  > >  > >>To: Alexander
>  > >  > >>Cc: Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >  > >>Subject: Re: [VOIPSEC] TLS and Firewalls
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>If you find any RFC avaibile for IAX let me know. Until now we
>  > have
>  > >  > >>implement IAX based on what we have been able to learn from
> other
>  > >  > people
>  > >  > >>code. The problem with IAX secure is that of course there is no
>  > >  > standard
>  > >  > >>and we have to get all developers from different projects
>  > together and
>  > >  > >>"maybe" we are lucky enough to convince them to make it work
>  > right.
>  > >  > >>>From my experience each project has his own IAX version.
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>Diana
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>>>one port. The problem with IAX is that are no devices around.
> We
>  > >hope
>  > >  > >>>>
>  > >  > >>>>
>  > >  > >>that
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>>  There are some devices with IAX support, and the trend is,
>  > there
>  > >  > >>>  will be more soon. Just few of them:
>  > >  > >>>
>  > >  > >>>  http://www.iaxtalk.com/
>  > >  > >>>  http://www.digium.com/index.php?menu=iaxy
>  > >  > >>>  http://www.farfon.com/
>  > >  > >>>
>  > >  > >>>Regards,
>  > >  > >>>/Al
>  > >  > >>>
>  > >  > >>>_______________________________________________
>  > >  > >>>Voipsec mailing list
>  > >  > >>>Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >  > >>>http://voipsa.org/mailman/listinfo/voipsec_voipsa.org
>  > >  > >>>
>  > >  > >>>
>  > >  > >>_______________________________________________
>  > >  > >>Voipsec mailing list
>  > >  > >>Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >  > >>http://voipsa.org/mailman/listinfo/voipsec_voipsa.org
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >>
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >_______________________________________________
>  > >  > >Voipsec mailing list
>  > >  > >Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >  > >http://voipsa.org/mailman/listinfo/voipsec_voipsa.org
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  > >
>  > >  >
>  > >  > _______________________________________________
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>  > >  > Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >  > http://voipsa.org/mailman/listinfo/voipsec_voipsa.org
>  > >  >
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >_______________________________________________
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>  > >Voipsec at voipsa.org
>  > >http://voipsa.org/mailman/listinfo/voipsec_voipsa.org
>  > >
>  > >
>  > >
> 
> 
> 
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